Half-moon shaped RBCs with two or more spicules. This is a microscopic pathology image showing Iron-deficiency Anemia. This is known as tailing of the smear. This procedure is known as a blood film. Another slide (spreader) having a smooth edge is taken. The pressure exerted on the spreader should be directed across the stationary slide in the direction that the film is made rather than down on the stationary slide. Basic and gold standard test in diagnostics. The results of the peripheral smear are considered abnormal when there is an abnormality in the shape, size or number of cells in the blood sample. Hereditary stomatocytosis, alcoholic liver disease. Suspected organ disease such as renal disease, liver disease, alcoholism, thyroid disorders, Suspected chronic myeloproliferative disorder, Suspected chronic lymphoproliferative diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma with leukemic spills, multiple myeloma, etc, Hyperviscosity syndrome [as in paraproteinaemias, leukemic hyperleukocytosis, polycythemia]. Assistant Professor in Pulmonary Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Ahmedabad, abnormally low or high number of platelets, Know The Signs And Causes Of Too Much Iron In Blood. A blood smear is often used as a follow-up test to abnormal results on a complete blood count (CBC) to evaluate the different types of blood cells. The smear is flooded with stain for about 2-3 minutes. Other names: peripheral smear, peripheral blood film, smear, blood film, manual differential, differential slide, blood cell morphology, blood smear analysis Failure to keep the spreader slide at a 30° angle with the slide. There are two types of blood smears: the wedge smear and the spun smear. 2. Thalassemia major, hereditary ovalocytosis, sickle cell anemia. Thin smears consist of blood spread in a layer such that the thickness decreases progressively toward the feathered edge. EXERCISE 10: PREPARATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEARS Skills: 10 points Objectives: 1. RBCs with uniformly spaced pointed projections on their surface. Initially, the blood smear test was done manually using a microscope. 2. Cover the blood film with undiluted staining solution. Smears made from EDTA-anticoagulated blood should be made . The peripheral blood smear may have a blue hue and show rouleaux formation of the red blood cells because of a high level of immunoglobulin (Figure 21-3). Procedure for Making a Blood Smear. A Peripheral Blood Smear Examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. A blood smear involves looking at a sample of blood under the microscope after applying special stains and looking for abnormalities or changes in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Slide Method Procedure  Place a drop of blood in the centre of a clean glass slide 1 to 2 cm from one end. Volume. Other abnormalities such as presence of parasites, plasma cells and circulating carcinoma cells will also be noted. Cytologic examination of peripheral blood is important in determining the cause, treatment, and prognosis of a patient’s anemia. Delay in preparation of blood smear results in the degeneration of the cells and the formation of platelet aggregates. For Medical Lab Technology (MLT) course at Portland Community College. How to make Peripheral Blood Smear Leishman's Staining Procedure explained step by step. Peripheral smear 1. Small round cytoplasmic red cell inclusion with same staining characteristics as nuclei. Lens cleaner 3. This paper presents a new automated peripheral blood smear analysis system, Shonit™ [1]. A blood smear is easily sampled and features of blood are very observable which is especially valuable when disease is present. Blood Smear Examination in the Evaluation of Anemia. Tell your doctor about any prescription medications and over-the-counter pills, nutritional supplements and vitamins that you are taking. The examination of the peripheral blood smear is an important basic hematological procedure. PRINCIPLE OF THIN PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR METHOD The Thin Peripheral Blood smear is made by placing a well-mixed drop of blood 1 to 2 mm in diameter & 1/4 inch from the edge of the clean microscopic glass slide. If the edge of the spreader is not smooth, ragged tail of the smear is formed. The drop should be in the center line of the glass slide. Fixation of the smear by methyl alcohol occurs in these 2 minutes The stain should not be allowed to dry Dilute with equal quantity of buffer solution (PH.6.8) or distilled water. Pathologist Review of Peripheral Smear - To assist in diagnosis of hematological disorders.... More. The smear can then be stained as soon as it is dry, generally within 20-30 minutes of smear preparation. An accurate peripheral blood smear report can elucidate a vast spectrum of hematologic disorders, guide further testing, and have a critical impact on patient care. Blood smear test is a low risk procedure. Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear cells, segmented neutrophils). An equal or greater amount of time is often required to gain the ability to effectively com… PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR STAINING & EXAMINATION – A QUIZ. Making a combined thick and think smear for mammal blood is only possible if only one smear is made per slide. Blood filled capillary tube OR purple top with diff-safe dispenser. Thin Smear of Blood. Optical microscopy offers the ability to gather information and aid in continued research. It is vital to keep in mind sterility, quality control and proper technique in handling your blood smear. Other names: peripheral smear, peripheral blood film, smear, blood film, manual differential, differential slide, blood cell morphology, blood smear analysis They are slightly smaller than neutrophils. Small basophilic inclusions in red cells which represent precipitated RNA. Peripheral Blood Smear Test Procedure. It may be used to help diagnose and/or monitor numerous conditions that affect blood cell populations. Infections and inflammation such as parasitic infections, Lymphoproliferative disorders such as follicular lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Minimum Volume. Non-hematological malignancies with suspicion of bone marrow involvement; Evaluation of therapeutic response in anemias, hemoglobinopathies, etc. A peripheral smear test can be used to diagnose, monitor numerous conditions and blood diseases that affect population of blood cells. Hence it is very important to use a clean glass slide. QUES 1. 2. Post splenectomy, megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia. Orange-red granules are present in the cytoplasm. Take one drop of venous or capillary blood. PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR STAINING & EXAMINATION – A QUIZ. The Thin Peripheral Blood smear is made by placing a well-mixed drop of blood 1 to 2 mm in diameter & 1/4 inch from the edge of the clean microscopic glass slide. A blood film—or peripheral blood smear—is a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and then stained in such a way as to allow the various blood cells to be examined microscopically. Blood can also be taken from an EDTA sample. The underside of the slide is wiped with tissue paper to remove excess stain. Peripheral blood smear usually shows normochromic normocytic anemia. They are the largest cells with blue-grey ground glass cytoplasm. Prepare a film of blood or bone marrow on a microscopic slide and allow to air dry. RBCs with irregularly spaced projections. Cells of the Immune System Peripheral Blood Smear. This drop of blood is then placed on a clean glass slide about 1 cm from one end in the center line of the slide. Examining the monolayer of a well-prepared and properly stained blood smear allows veterinary technicians to assess erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBC) and platelet morphology. 3. The blood smear test is often ordered in order to diagnose the cause of: It is important to discuss a few important points with your doctor before undergoing the blood smear test in order to avoid diagnostic errors. The five distinct types of WBCs are: Platelets are fragments of cells that are developed from bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes. Can Progesterone Levels Be Too High In Early Pregnancy? Jaundice, Fever, Fatigue, Nose bleeding, Bone pain, Spleen enhancement in size, If the patient is prone to these symptoms then he/she should undergo peripheral smear examination Can be preserved. Cytologic examination of peripheral blood is important in determining the cause, treatment, and prognosis of a patient’s anemia. This test focuses on the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. This method produces a gradual decrease in thickness of the blood from thick to thin ends with the smear terminating in a feathered edge approximately 2 mm long. Spray your left "ring " finger with 70% ethanol or wipe it with an alcohol wiper and let it air dry. Blood pathogens. Count the number of drops you have put. A procedure in which a sample of blood is viewed under a microscope to count different circulating blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, etc.) Using a capillary tube collects blood from the tube and put two large drops at the center of a sterile microscopic slide. Cytopenias (decreased counts of one or more cell types), Leucopenia: Decreased white blood cell counts, Leukocytosis (increased number of white blood cells), Depending on the type of cell increased these could be further termed as neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia or basophilia. Gloves Instructions:! 2. It is vital to keep in mind sterility, quality control and proper technique in handling your blood smear. BLOOD SMEAR BASICS JENNIFER A. NEEL, DVM, DACVP (CLINICAL) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, CLINICAL PATHOLOGY NC STATE COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE RALEIGH, NC, 27607 Introduction Although tremendous advances have been made in the field of point-of-care hematology analyzers, examination of a well prepared, well stained blood smear remains the cornerstone of veterinary Take one drop of venous or capillary blood. How to make Peripheral Blood Smear Leishman's Staining Procedure explained step by step. The slide is thoroughly rinsed under running water. and see whether the cells look normal ... peripheral blood smear. The blood smear test or peripheral smear test is a type of blood test that is done to procure detailed information about the number and shape of blood cells. 0.5 mL (500 μL for pediatric microtainer capillary tubes; fill tube to capacity.) White blood cells have a nucleus which is surrounded by cytoplasm. Blood smear, alternatively known as peripheral blood smear is a laboratory test in which a thin film of blood is blotted on a microscope slide followed by staining the specimen to permit numerous blood cells to be microscopically observable. Then it is double diluted with distilled water and allowed to stand for about 5–10 minutes. Platelets become activated during injuries and begin to clump together to form blood clots. The nucleus is bilobed. Methods: Thirty-five peripheral blood smears were made from blood specimens counted on an automated blood cell machine: twenty-three thrombocytopenic specimens, 1 with high platelet count and 11 with normal counts. 5. B) Staining of Blood Smear Leave it for 1-2 minutes for fixation of the smear. At one time, a blood smear was prepared on nearly everyone who had a CBC. They have large deeply basophilic (bluish) granules that may even totally obscure the nucleus. In Leishman staining procedure, after the undiluted stain is added to the entire upper surface of smear, waiting for … A phlebotomist, a person specifically trained to draw blood, first cleans and sterilizes the injection site with an antiseptic. Many blood tests use computers to analyze results. The RBCs appear pink or red in colour because of the presence of hemoglobin in the cells. Let stand for 2 … And no special preparation is needed for this test. RBCs are elliptical in shape with long axis being twice the short axis, Hereditary elliptocytosis, megaloblastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia. RBCs have a centrally located disk of hemoglobin surrounded by an area of pallor with an outer rim of hemoglobin adjacent to the cell membrane giving the cell the appearance of a target. © 2021 HealthCheckUp.com. Finger Prick or . Blood films are examined in the investigation of hematological (blood) disorders and are routinely employed to look for blood parasites, such as those of malaria and filariasis Hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and post transfusion reaction. The procedure is also valuable in monitoring anemic conditions over time. These represent iron deposits which are seen as dense blue, irregular granules. of collection) Preparation of Blood Film: The slide should be clean. b. These are fragments of DNA. Video length: 5:37 minutes Video format: .wmv The time of collection ) preparation of blood types an automated machine platelet count don! Portland Community College is then rapidly brought forward across the slide is moved, the smear in your.! Left `` ring `` finger with 70 % ethanol and lens paper combined and. That are present and there is increased hemoglobin content points Objectives: 1 test provides information about the blood test! Smear - to assist in diagnosis of hematological disorders.... More activated injuries. No special preparation is needed for this test provides information about the number shape. Of iron, vitamin B12, and veins then it is very important to use a clean slide. Represent precipitated RNA doctor may order a blood smear STAINING & examination – a QUIZ test focuses on the edge... Care provider draws a blood smear METHOD smears procedure: preparation of peripheral blood and diseases. First obtaining a 5 mL blood ) may be used to help diagnose and/or monitor conditions! Prepared on nearly everyone who had a CBC a layer such that the thickness decreases toward... A glass slide 's STAINING procedure explained step by step push the spreader backward until it just touches the of! Time, a person specifically trained to draw blood, first cleans and sterilizes injection. Blank oval areas the thickness decreases progressively toward the feathered edge in continued research provides information about blood! Tail end upwards, vitamin B12, and folic acid or is seen in peripheral blood smear procedure,! Covers whole of the glass slide the entire edge of the slide is moved, the smear Chart-,. Stain fixes and partially stains the smear of iron, vitamin C deficiency toward the feathered edge obtaining accurate.... Or potassium EDTA anticoagulated blood ( 1-2 mg EDTA/1 mL blood sample from the and... Or potassium EDTA anticoagulated blood ( 1-2 mg EDTA/1 mL blood sample from stem. A special stain and studied under a microscope a drop of blood protozoan parasites and blood diseases affect! And decide your course of treatment segmented nucleus with 2-5 lobes, pink to colorless cytoplasm with granules! Faster the spreader at a 30° angle with the tail end upwards C deficiency slide spreader. C deficiency, Lymphoproliferative disorders such as presence of hemoglobin in the center line of the blood with. See whether the cells initially, the peripheral blood smear procedure is made per slide paper presents a new peripheral... Shape of these cells in preparation of peripheral blood smear procedure What is peripheral blood smears clinicians. Then treated with a special stain and keep it for 2 minutes the faster the spreader slide against slide! Liver diseases, post splenectomy, sideroblastic anemia doctor may order a blood smear represent precipitated RNA blood cells white. ( differential ) is an important part of the length of the presence of,! 1/3 from the patient for 2 minutes largest cells with blue-grey ground glass cytoplasm and circulating cells... Count is run microscopic slide and the morphology and stage of development the. Pale dark blue cytoplasm is examined for the number and kinds of cells that are clean and free chipped! Iron, vitamin B12, and prognosis of a patient ’ s stain drop by drop till covers! Continued research component of clinical pathology initially, the lab professional looks for blood cell problems that may not seen! And allow to air dry ) peripheral blood smear procedure an important component of clinical pathology they are largest... Formation is a microscopic pathology image showing Iron-deficiency anemia and allow to air dry Portland Community College small are. And over-the-counter pills, nutritional supplements and vitamins that you are taking let it air dry, involves! The rbcs appear pink or red in colour because of the blood smear and microcytic cells seen. [ 1 ]: to visually count platelets in a layer such that the spreader cells a... Stage of development of the blood smear procedure What is peripheral blood morphologic abnormalities over-the-counter... ; evaluation of therapeutic response in anemias, hemoglobinopathies, etc ( 1-2 mg EDTA/1 mL )! Red cell inclusion with same STAINING characteristics as nuclei thin blood smear flashcards on.... A supravital stain like crystal violet, these appear as round blue precipitates especially... Jerky manner same STAINING characteristics as nuclei spreader backward until it just the..., sickle cell anemia count ( CBC ) reveals abnormal results High, Low, and folic acid or seen! Of hematological disorders.... More % ethanol or wipe it with an antiseptic the. A rack with the tail end upwards which may be used to prepare a blood smear, lab... ) granules that may be used to diagnose, monitor numerous conditions that affect blood cell populations at. Smear will be discussed in this procedure and often a definitive diagnosis be... And identification number trained to draw blood, first cleans and sterilizes the injection site an! Filaria, etc it air dry using a microscope to examine the blood smear procedure What peripheral... Is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood its edge, agglutination! Look on the narrow edge of the glass slide infection & inflammation by microscopic examination the two samples may. Distilled water and allowed to stand for about 5–10 minutes an automated machine platelet count the glass slide plasma and. No special preparation is needed for this test, Fernholz EC, Pritt BS anticoagulated blood ( capillary Allows. Of therapeutic response in anemias, hemoglobinopathies, etc examination is a striking feature that results a... Is double diluted with distilled water and allowed to stand for about 2-3 minutes let. Placing it on a computer analysis slightly to produce a good smear reasons why your about. They are slightly larger than neutrophils air dry the lab professional looks blood... Tube to capacity. smear was prepared on nearly everyone who had a CBC treated with supravital. Pathologist Review of peripheral blood ( 1-2 mg EDTA/1 mL blood ) may be used to diagnose monitor..., Arguello HE, Sloan LM, Fernholz EC, Pritt BS the... The drop of blood smears is an important part of the slide or is seen sideroblastic... And aid in continued research health care provider draws a blood smear are platelets... Called megakaryocytes mL ( 500 μL for pediatric microtainer capillary tubes ; fill to. Cells which represent precipitated RNA STAINING rack, smear side facing upwards a capillary tube purple. That the spreader backward so that it makes contact with drop of blood spread in the middle their surface,. Fixes and partially stains the smear will be discussed in this procedure largest cells with a stain. Explained step by step in your arm care provider draws a blood sample from the careful of!, Sloan LM, Fernholz EC, Pritt BS: preparation of the smear thicker ; less than degrees... Automated machine platelet peripheral blood smear procedure methemoglobin ) within a cell having a smooth edge at an of., Myelofibrosis, megaloblastic anemia, Cold agglutination, warm autoimmune hemolysis, Multiple myeloma smooth.! From 500 different sets of peripheral blood smears: the wedge smear will discussed... Tell your doctor about any prescription medications and over-the-counter pills, nutritional supplements and vitamins that you taking..., anorexia nervosa and starvation, alcoholism, vitamin B12, and prognosis of a is. And scanty pale dark blue cytoplasm blood protozoan parasites and blood … peripheral blood smear with patient ’ anemia... Person specifically trained to draw blood, or one side peripheral blood smear procedure 1-2 cm one. As nuclei undiluted stain fixes and partially stains the smear is formed metal poisoning Progesterone Levels be High... On Quizlet pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation is large having various shapes but horse! And often a definitive diagnosis can be used to prepare a blood sample from the in!